Science01
No established evidence for rebirth.
Asked of every system
Twenty-two questions
The same questions, asked in the same order. Read down a question to see where they rhyme and where they do not. No establishment is rewritten to fit the others.
- 01Where are we?
- 02What is reality made of?
- 03What is a human being?
- 04What is consciousness?
- 05Where did humanity come from?
- 06What happens at death?
- 07Does consciousness return to embodiment?
- 08Where is consciousness between lives?
- 09Are there nonhuman intelligent beings?
- 10Can those beings become human or appear human?
- 11Are there multiple realms or worlds?
- 12Is there a central mountain, tree, pillar, axis, heart, or sacred center?
- 13Is the world itself alive?
- 14Has civilization or the world been destroyed or reset before?
- 15Does history operate linearly or cyclically?
- 16Is there an opposing positive/negative force?
- 17What is humanity supposed to become?
- 18Is reincarnation a destination, punishment, school, growth process, or something else?
- 19What lies beyond the visible world?
- 20How does this tradition claim humans can know any of this?
- 21Does the structure or motion of the heavens correspond to events, conditions, or consciousness within the human realm?
- 22Why did humanity forget?
07 / 22
Does consciousness return to embodiment?
- Judaism02
Generally no. Some later Jewish mystical traditions include reincarnation.
Not central.
Generally no. The claim is resurrection, not ordinary reincarnation.
- Islam05
No.
Yes.
Yes. Continuity is through dependent processes, not a permanent self returning.
Some later traditions contain reincarnation concepts; it is not a single Daoist doctrine.
Renewal and rebirth motifs — not recorded here as a single reincarnation system.
Generally not reincarnation-centered.
Possible rebirth motifs; disputed and variable.
Traditions vary.
Cyclic ideas vary.
Generally no.
Not ordinary reincarnation. Premortal existence and resurrection are the frame.
Yes. Repeated embodiment is part of its teachings.
Varies. Reincarnation is prominent in Indian/Jyotiṣa traditions but is not inherent to every astrological system.
Not a reincarnation teaching in these texts. Inanna returns from the netherworld, and someone else is taken. That is not a return to an ordinary life.
Not in Homer as the normal path. Orphic, Pythagorean, and some Platonic texts say a soul can return. Ordinary civic cult did not require that belief.
- Jainism20
Yes, until the jīva is freed.
- Sikhism21
Yes, until liberation from the round of births.
- Shinto22
Not the teaching of shrine Shinto.
Common where Buddhist rebirth has been taken in. Not attested as the ancient correlative cosmology’s own claim.
Some texts say embodiment repeats until gnosis. Others focus on one escape. Do not treat both as the same doctrine.
On Rebirth speaks of regeneration into Mind. That is not a claim that every soul recycles through species, and it is not the whole Hermetic library.
Many accounts include return, including into the family line. It is not a single published doctrine with one rule.
Some groups tell of spirit children or of a spirit’s return. Many do not use anything like a karmic cycle. Do not generalize.
The ancestor continues as ancestor. That is not recorded here as reincarnation into a new ordinary life.
No. The ordinary teaching denies reincarnation into another earthly life.
Unclassified / Source Needed.
Unclassified / Source Needed.
Unclassified / Source Needed.
Unclassified / Source Needed.
Unclassified / Source Needed.
A few Irish tales carry rebirth motifs. They are not a system.
Unclassified / Source Needed.
Unclassified / Source Needed.
Unclassified / Source Needed.
Unclassified / Source Needed.
Unclassified / Source Needed.
Working synthesis · not a verdict
Yes.